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1.______________________ range in color from pale yellow to bright orange.

2.___________of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

3.________ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere, it spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.

4.The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each January.

5.The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin ______ from the epidermis.

6.Most species of heliotropes are weeds,__________ of them are cultivated.

7.Thunder occurs as __________through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide with layers of cooler air.

8.Researchers have long debated ________Saturn's moon TItan contains hydrocarbon oceans and lakes.

9.Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds ________ forebode rain.

10.________ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.

11.Only when air and water seep through its outer coat __________.

12.________ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in an opposite direction in winter than in summer.

13.The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times as _____________ Mount Everest.

14.The flight instructor, ___________ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been given.

15.In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho __________ and churning rivers.

16. Light can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds.

_A________B__________________________C__________________________D

17. Every human typically have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in most cells.

_______________A_____B____________________________________C___D

18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when grains of clay, silt, or sandy settle in river valleys

A______________________B______________________________C_______________

or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans.

D___________________________

19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of the heart are about three times that of the atria.

___________________________A_____________B___C______________D___

20. The type of jazz known as "swing" was introduced by Duke Ellington when he wrote and records "11

_____________A___________________B_________________________C____________D_

 Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That Swing.”

21. The bones of mammals, not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high degree of differentiation.

_____________________A____B______C____________________________________D

22. The neocortex has evolved more recently then other layers of the brain.

A________________B_________________C___D______________

23. he United States receives a large amount of revenue from taxation of a tobacco products.

__A____________B____________________C____D

24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of glycerin combined with three molecules of fatty acids.

A___________________________________________B______C_____________________D

25. The capital of the Confederacy was originally in Mobile, but they were moved to Richmond.

A_________________________B___________________C_______D_____

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or stone or some another irritant accidentally enters into

_______________A___________________________________B______C__________________D

the shell of a pearl oyster.

27. The English horn is an alto oboe with a pitch one-fifth lower than the soprano oboe.

_______A_______________B_________________C__D

28. In the Milky Way Galaxy, the most recent observed supernova appeared in 1604.

_______________________A___B________________________C____D

29. Never in the history of humanity has there been more people living on this relatively small planet.

__________A_____B________________________C___________D

30. Because of the mobility of Americans today, it is difficult for they to put down real roots.

______________A__________________________B_______C________________D

31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E. Lee served to president of Washington College, which was

A__________________________________________B______________________________C__

 later called Washington and Lee.

D_______________________

32. he number of wild horses on Assateague is increasing lately, resulting in overgrazed marsh and dune

__A____________________________B_________________C_______________________

 grasses.

D

33. Hypnoses was successfully used during World War II to treat battle fatigue.

A____________B___________C_________________________D

34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast off a damaging appendage and regenerate a new

A___B____________________________C__________________

 appendage to nearly normal size.

_____________D

35. Humans develop normally twenty primary, or deciduous, teeth and thirty-two permanent ones.

_______A_________________B____C_______________________________D

36. The curricula of American public schools are set in individual states; they do not determine by

__A_____________________________________B_____________________________________C________

 the federal government.

D________

37. The fact that the sophisticated technology has become part of revolution in travel delivery

____________________________________________A___________________B__________________C

 systems has not made travel schedules less hectic.

______________________________D

38. Balanchine´s plotless ballets, such Jewels and The Four Temperaments, present dance purely

_______________A___________B______________________________________C_______C__D__

as acelebration of the movement of the human body.

39. In a solar battery, a photosensitive semiconducting substance such as silicon crystal is the

A___A_________________________B__________________C__________

 source of electrician.

______D

40. In early days, hydrochloric acid was done by heating a mixture of sodium chloride with iron

_____A________________________B_______C__________________________D__

 sulfate.

Questions 1-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

1. This passage is mainly about

Questions 2-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

2. The word "foremost" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

Questions 3-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

3. In the second paragraph, the author mainly discusses

Questions 4-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

4. The word "mode" in line 7 could best be replaced by

Questions 5-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

5. Audubon decided not to continue to pursue business when

Questions 6-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

6. The word "pursue" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

Questions 7-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

7. According to the passage, Audubon's paintings

Questions 8-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

8. The word "support" in line 13 could best be replaced by

Questions 9-9

John James Audubon, nineteenth-century artist and naturalist, is known as one of the foremost
authorities on North American birds. Born in Les Cayes, Haiti, in 1785, Audubon was raised in
France and studied art under French artist Jacques-Louis David. After settling on his father's
Pennsylvania estate at the age of eighteen, he first began to study and paint birds.
(5) In his young adulthood, Audubon undertook numerous enterprises, generally without a
tremendous amount of success; at various times during his life he was involved in a mercantile
business, a lumber and grist mill, a taxidermy business, and a school. His general mode of operating a
business was to leave it either unattended or in the hands of a partner and take off on excursions
through the wilds to paint the natural life that he saw. His business career came to an end in 1819
(10) when he was jailed for debt and forced to file for bankruptcy.
It was at that time that Audubon began to seriously pursue the dream of publishing a collection
of his paintings of birds. For the next six years he painted birds in their natural habitats while his wife
worked as a teacher to support the family. His Birds of America, which included engravings of 435 of
his colorful and lifelike watercolors, was published in parts during the period from 1826 to 1838 in
(15) England. After the success of the English editions, American editions of his work were published in
1839, and his fame and fortune were ensured.

9. It can be inferred from the passage thatafter 1839 Audubon

Questions 10-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

10. The subject of the preceding paragraph was most likely

Questions 11-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

11.The main idea of this passage is that killer bees

Questions 12-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

12. The word "inflated" in line 4 could best be replaced by

Questions 13-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

13. It can be inferred from the passage that the killer bee

Questions 14-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

14. Why were African bees considered beneficial?

Questions 15-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

15. A "hybrid" in line 5 is

Questions 16-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

16. It is stated in the passage that killer bees

Questions 17-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

17.The pronoun "They' in line 13 refers to

Questions 18-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

18.What is NOT mentioned in the passage asa contributing factor in an attack by killer bees?

Questions 19-19

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as the
bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be
extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat
inflated.
(5) The killer bee is a hybrid-r combination-f the very mild European strain of honeybee and
the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when the African strain was
imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was
considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that
they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement
(10) weather than did the European bees.
These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have
occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at
all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A
killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature'. However, after a
( 15) disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached
to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees.
As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing
other bees and causing them to sting. The new stings create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,
which attracts more bees ann increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large
(20) clusters or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate.

19. Where in the passage does the author describe the size of the groups in which killer bees move?

Questions 20-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

20. This passage is about

Questions 21-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

21. How long has the expression "once in a blue moon" been around?

Questions 22-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

22. A blue moon could best be described as

Questions 23-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

23. The word "hue" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

Questions 24-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

24. Which of the following might be the date of a "blue moon"?

Questions 25-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

25. How many blue moons would there most likely be in a century?

Questions 26-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

26. According to the passage, the moon actually looked blue

Questions 27-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

27. The expression "given rise to. in line 19 could best be replaced by

Questions 28-28

There is a common expression in the English language. referring to a blue moon. When people
say that something happens "only once in a blue moon: they mean that it happens only very rarely,
once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are
references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.
(5) The expression "a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given
calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any
different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead. it is called a blue moon because it is so
rare. The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon.
Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full
(10) moon (except February. which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of
January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is on the occasion when a given
calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often,
only three or four times in a decade.
The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their
(15) color; however. the expression "blue moon" may have come into existence in reference to unusual
circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic
proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the
Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere. which clouded the sun and gave the
moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression
(20) that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo
erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint.

28. Where in the passage does the author describe the duration of a lunar cycle?

Questions 29-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

29. According to the passage, Giannini

Questions 30-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

30. Where did Giannini open his first bank?

Questions 31-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

31. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the San Francisco earthquake?

Questions 32-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

32. The word "raging" in line 8 could best be replaced by

Questions 33-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

33. It can be inferred from the passage that Giannini used crates of oranges after the earthquake

Questions 34-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

34. The word "chaos" in line 10 is closest in meaning to

Questions 35-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

35. The word "consolidaled" in line 17 is closesl in meaning 10

Questions 36-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

36. The passage stales Ihal after his retirement, Giannini

Questions 37-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

37. The expression "weathered the storm or in line 23 could best be replaced by

Questions 38-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

38. Where in the passage does the author describe Giannini's first banking clients?

Questions 39-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

39. How is the information in Ihe passage presented?

Questions 40-40

The organization that today is known as the Bank of America did start out in America, but
under quite a different name. Italian American A.P. Giannini established this bank on October 17,
1904, in a renovated saloon in San Francisco's Italian community of North Beach under the name
Bank of Italy, with immigrants and first-time bank customers comprising the majority of his first
(5) customers. During its development, Giannini's bank survived major crises in the form of a natural
disaster and a major economic upheaval that not all other banks were able to overcome.
One major test for Giannini's bank occurred on April. 18, 1906, when a massive earthquake
struck San Francisco, followed by a raging fire that destroyed much of the city. Giannini obtained two
wagons and teams of horses, filled the wagons with the bank's reserves, mostly in the form of gold,
(10) covered the reserves with crates of oranges, and escaped from the chaos of the city with his clients'
funds protected. In the aftermath of the disaster, Giannini's bank was the first to resume operations.
Unable to install the bank in a proper office setting, Giannini opened up shop on the Washington
Street Wharf on a makeshift desk created from boards and barrels.
In the period following the 1906 fire, the Bank of Italy continued to prosper and expand. By
(15) 1918 there were twenty-four branches of the Bank of Italy, and by 1928 Giannini had acquired
numerous other banks, including a Bank of America located in New York City. In 1930 he
consolidated all the branches of the Bank of Italy, the Bank of America in New York City, and another
Bank of America that he had formed in California into the Bank of America National Trust and
Savings Association.
(20) A second major crisis for the bank occurred during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Although
Giannini had already retired prior to the darkest days of the Depression, he became incensed when
his successor began selling off banks during the bad economic times. Giannini resumed leadership of
the bank at the age of sixty-two. Under Giannini's leadership, the bank weathered the storm of the
Depression and subsequently moved into a phase of overseas development.

40. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses

Questions 41-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

41. The topic of the passage is

Questions 42-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

42. Mechanisms" in line 2 are most likely

Questions 43-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

43. It can be inferred from the passage that, in summer,

Questions 44-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

44. The word "benign" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

Questions 45-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

45. The expression "in concert" in line 17 could bestbe replaced by

Questions 46-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

46. According to the passage, a "squall line" in line 20 is

Questions 47-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

47. The pronoun "itself' in line 21 refers to

Questions 48-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

48. All of the following are mentioned in the passage about supercells EXCEPT that they

Questions 49-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

49. This reading would most probably be assigned in which of the following courses?

Questions 50-50

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of
nature's primary mechanisms for transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere.
A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from the surface of the earth begin to rise.
The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The rising
(5) pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line
through the formation of cumulus clouds.
What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter,
the air temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the
temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly. During these colder months, the atmosphere,
(10) therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high accumulation of
heat near the earth's surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the
temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air
rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops much more rapidly than it does in winter;
when the temperature drops more than four degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,

(15) cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud. or thunderhead.
In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to
defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in concert, and the
resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is
a large-scale collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall
(20) line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is common for a squall line to begin when an
advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air, creating a
line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall
line. which can be hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a
magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for destruction. Within the squall line, often
(25) near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional strength that
serve as the source of tornadoes.

50. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses